What underdevelopment? I Aim for a new presentation. And put the phenomenon. The phenomenon of economic and social underdevelopment, as the (process) dynamics in the case of continuous movement, is not only historic, the rising volume of production of surplus value, the concept, which meant classics and Marx, and will not get caught up here discussing, and we consider it a given, but we're going to evolve, as an idea, at the historic As we shall see, contrary to this rise in the volume of production of surplus value, the intensity of the use of the work item in the parts of the abandoned, with twice the mechanism (s) production, due to weak technical and non-use of arts production, which science reveals only in the later stage of the consumption of these arts in parts of the developed, and During this contradiction between the rise in the volume of production of surplus value and the fragility of the mechanism of production, shape the phenomenon of leakage of surplus value produced internally to the parts of the developed capitalist world economy today, in order to buy basic goods and services, which depend upon conditions of renewal of production. And I start from where the one thing that thanks to the evolution of man, and separated from the animal kingdom, which is to work as both a human conscious effort, which became a focus of conflict with the pattern of capitalist production solutions after the demise of feudal style, and never specifically of the value of the work force. What is the value of the work force? Suppose agent of Venezuelan oil, for example, what is the value of the work force this factor? The value of each commodity, and labor force is a commodity with other capitalist mode of production, as we will see, the value of each commodity is measured by the amount of work necessary for its production. And labor force are in the form of Group Quarter, which needs, is also, to a certain amount of means of living for himself and his family, thus ensuring the continuation of the work force until after his death. Hence, the working time requirement for the production and livelihood of these represents the value of the labor force, and the capitalist "Exxon Mobil", or "shell", for example, pay him his wages each month, so buy from the worker to use his work for a month (we do not here nothing iffy ideological, but reject it from where it is put ideological and non-scientific) and after that, the capitalist "Exxon Mobil" makes the worker begins to work. At the time of a particular group will be a certain amount of work paralleled his monthly salary. If we assume that the worker's wage Monthly is a twenty-five working days, the employee if work began in a single day of the month, it will be, on 25, has been compensated, "Exxon Mobil" for the full value of wages paid, but you stop working for work? Capitalist mode of production says: "No absolutely not to be a worker after the production of an equivalent reward, that stops working, it bought" Exxon Mobil "from its work for the" month "and the Group to continue to work through the five remaining days of the month as well, and this worked in excess of the provided by the Group over the time required to compensate for the wage increase and it is the source of "surplus value", and a source of profit, and the ever-increasing accumulation of capital. Which supports the validity of placing two things: First: the society, any society, can not continue to cycle money, the general sense of money, the inside is about the same amount, as the normal course of things leads to an increase in such money, increase the amount, more than how? The value of excess or surplus value does not arise, as is thought, from the sale of vendors for their goods at the top of its value, or the purchase of buyers have less than their value, because both of them, is in turn the seller and the buyer, thus in the end to the overall balance, and the survival of quantitative monetary within the economy as it is without change, as can not, according to Marx thinker not Aloydlewjia, also be set up to con sellers and buyers each other, because that will not create a new or extra value, but will lead only to the distribution of existing capital at the social level (and similarly the global level remains the same as the quantum unchanged) in a different way between the capitalists. In spite of the capitalist "Exxon Mobil" buy goods (materials, work, work tools, and labor force) value and sale value, it gets a value greater than that which it started. How come? Occurs by extracting surplus value of the labor force, those who add value is the value of the work force is paid, which means capital accumulation is possible to renew the production in a wide range. Maybe Someone says: But the fact that the capitalist goes to buy the labor force and the means of production and leaves the work force interacts with the power of production Ki-produced goods, then take the capitalist market and Ibaha according to spent in order to purchase the labor force and working materials and tools work, and adds to these expenditures profit him. Here appears confused Blija between surplus value and the profit, it is better to verify inevitable once you start in the production process. By embracing the workers to their machines beloved. Which is not necessarily a profit in the process. While the first achieved in the field of production, not an act of trading only revealing it, the entire profit made in the field of trading is subject to the laws of the market and the competition of different kinds. Second: Assuming that the worker "agent of Venezuelan oil," working 25 days to produce an equivalent pay, and five days of the recent works to favor the "Exxon Mobil", is a purely arbitrary assumption to say has no meaning; Why? Because it is both took the oil factor Venezuelan 25 days or 22 days, or 15 days to compensate for the reward, that of little importance here, and usually depends on the circumstances, and the main thing is that the capitalist "Exxon Mobil" snatch as well as the work that pays interview-paid jobs, not paid for as well; This is not a conjecture arbitrarily, why? Because if he wrested from the work of the Working Capital over a long period the equivalent of what he paid in the form of wages, will close his factories and its business, because profit, in fact, would be zero. The increase is obvious: for example, capitalist "Exxon Mobil" and enters the production process ten units as follows: 4 (for work tools) and 4 (for working materials) and 2 (work force) and now proceed with the oil factor in production until the orphaned. So what has gotten Capital has entered the production process units and ten out of ten units? Of course, nothing becomes close the factory is to be, and must not open the plant mainly as long as this is the law, since according to him the formula is as follows: (n) = (n) any cash (n), which began capitalist out but returns to him with the same value All I do is to sell and purchase only then return (n) in the same shape (n). Hear and be guided and that the capitalist can not generate surplus value of the materials or tools, it generates from the good alien Tarahp itself in the market, the labor force, and becomes the formula is different, they generate a surplus value in the production stage, and not trading, as they say to students, how so? This is done through the following formula, a general formula to the general law governing the capitalist system at the global and local alike, and a formula that is: (n - (s p) + (f a) - Q - Δ n) is concerned with turning the money to force work, in the form of wages, and turns as well as to the means of production is in the working materials and tools work, and now begin working in production, and that orphaned only have a capitalist, "Exxon Mobil" is not (10) units, but (12) units; assuming that the rate of exploitation of 100%. Where were these two units? The answer will be the subject of discussion expanded in coming, but suffice to refer to the outline of the answer, capitalist pay (4) units (for work tools) and (4) units (for working materials) and (2) Unit (Work Force) and now proceed with the Venezuelan working in production even orphaned. So what has gotten Capital has entered the production process units and ten out of ten units? We have nothing. How capitalist change the situation? Change it to generate the value of the work force, it pays (2) Unit of the worker. And takes him to work the equivalent of (4) business units. As we have stated that this is the way (only) in front of "Exxon Mobil" (to generate extra value) and the only institution close!! Hence, the value and profit generated in the right of production, not trading. Those are the surplus value, is working as one of the movement in all institutions, "Rothschild" is also working in the most despicable "and a workshop for making shoelaces" in the lowest districts of Cairo or Caracas. Which supports our position on circular leaflets that do not see only one side of the law of motion with a view to marketing the State's theory at the time and hide the law, which branded the state capitalism, a mantra day and night, socialism, social justice and equality!! But in fact it could not spare in order to destroy the monster and the theory of science. I hope to be clear here exactly that argument, any launch failure as: continuous, dynamic process over time the effect a rise in the volume of production of surplus value inconsistent with the weakness of the mechanism of production, leading to leakage out of the pores of the national economy, the formation of capital accumulation possible restructuring of the economy more advanced capitalist. But, alas, very, lower his gaze fully for the moral position, not look to the side "compulsive, exploitative" in the process of their production of surplus value, it will be put and end in terms of understanding and analysis of the mode of production the capitalist mode of production of goods and services for the market. Not only that, but as a pattern for the production of surplus value, and as long as the mechanism (s) that their production of surplus value is weak, regardless of everything moral, counting the economy is weak and backward extension of the deterioration of these mechanisms, while it becomes this economy strong as what was the mechanism (s) strong , and signs of strength manifests itself in the considered (size, value) products, which represent the gross national product, which is named the World Bank recently called the national income!! For more confusion!! The different interpretations that have been submitted to the phenomenon of underdevelopment as a social phenomenon, I think the common denominator, this denominator to take shape in that the explanations provided that it deals with the manifestations of underdevelopment, which is the opposite of progress the concept presented by the school and the institution, not looking at the backwardness itself, which we that (twice the "chronic" in the mechanisms of production of surplus value) are talking in low income and weak investment and high rates of poverty and disease and the number of hungry people. . . . Even when beyond those interpretations that called itself the ability to give an explanation based on the causes, we find provide a description of the surface of the first degree, for example, there are trends, from among the dozens of directions, would interpret the failure on the basis of that was motivated by the inability of the country (which is LAG!! any that underdevelopment has given!) to integrate in the capital market!! A lack of capacity due to social rejection; it clashes with the community with two forms of regulations; It has a traditional style, which is set by the capitalist mode, which is signed by the community in a "double standard" is not able to fully integrate into the modern system, which occurred on the old system, and the ramifications for that the interpretation of not less shallow when he sees underdevelopment as just the sum of the characteristics of underdevelopment, and become the issue of underdevelopment focused, yet ignorant of underdevelopment, how to get out of it, does not explain the reasons for falling into it, as shown by, inter alia, the back, another explanation, it was in the seventies of last century , led Rzinar Norksh, which goes to the use of his theory of "vicious circles" in the interpretation of aspects of poverty on both sides of supply and demand of the process of investment and capital accumulation, it is where the demand for investment sees "Rzinar" it depends on the motivation was, because of the weakness of the market, due to weak entry, which is inherently weak because of low productivity, it will be weak motivation, which leads to low level of investment and capital accumulation. . . . Thus, it is where the supply side; the investment depends on savings, and savings is weak mainly due to its poor access, poor wages due to the low level of productivity, which in turn is due to a low level of investment and accumulation. . . Thus, the system becomes such a rendering and reality in a "poverty trap", not merely those interpretations my estimation, only the interpretation, so to speak, tacky of the phenomenon, approach is based mechanical reduces the social reality in the form of theoretical seems coherent theory is not strong enough to give a clear explanation of the phenomenon, and reference so basically it deals with, gel theory, the problematic aspects of the problem is not the same. He is, Like most theories, but talking about low income, low levels of savings, low productivity, and others. . . . All these things are only manifestations indicates that there is underdevelopment. But what is underdevelopment? This is what I tried submission by saying that underdevelopment is a state of continuous, dynamic weakness of "chronic" in the mechanisms of production of surplus value produced internally in the national economy. It began from the idea I think it is a simple and abstract, too says that societies colony which became a then backward according to the order of the historical, as do communities Colonial, followed by, developed, do not stop production and do not stop consumption, and backward societies, which concerns us here, does not produce goods or services only; but produce extra value, not the workers just as it is commonly and marketer, at the ideological, but society as a whole, and later became a lawyer, doctor, engineer, teacher and priest and the imam of the mosque, but the mob of cities to the working people among the wage earners!! However, the circular fascicles often overlook that point. Any community, and concerns us here underdeveloped parts of the contemporary world capitalist economy, so must the production process to be at his disposal a sum of money in the broad sense of money, do not distinguish between the production of iron and steel, or open the Financial Accounting Foundation operates dozens of accountants pay. Any I, and this is within the objectives of him, I extend the laws revealed by the science of political economy at the field of production of material goods to the field of production of services, a field that has become dominant, about 70%, the total structure of the contemporary global economy. And suppose that the community at the moment of particular historical and under the conditions of specific social, enters the production process at the level of "total" economic amount of (3) billion units, distributed among the productive sectors of the three of (1) billion for each sector (agriculture, industry and services) At the end of the period and assuming that producing surplus value, which is mixed with profit in the three sectors = 100%, will be added to the three billion, three billion, as the value of excess. Or as some like to call (profit) as we mentioned, and so on with every production process and the renewal of production, units of money that is in its orbit the main phenomena of the capitalist mode of production (production for the market, and exchange reagent for profit, and distribution is not a fair way or another) No society only linked to his life and continuity of production, for domestic consumption, direct, or for exchange, will enable this community to renew its production but it was under his hand a minimum of (capital accumulator), which can start in that process and, indeed, society begins to the production process a certain amount of capital case if each capital project, and in the end of the period, but not years, it is necessary, in order to be able to access the production process again to a new year and, thus, it is imperative that society finds his hands under the amount of capital, "which was produced in the previous period. " The question is: First: What is the amount of the surplus value produced in one of the parts backward, Burundi, for example (2,698,272 dollars), compared Mountjp in one of the parts developed but not the United States of America (14,629,200,000,000,0 dollars, note the difference is staggering between a million and one trillion!) It is clear just how much this difference which expresses the strength of the mechanisms of production of surplus value, in exchange for their vulnerability is evident in the underdeveloped parts, and we will see in more detail the figures below, the Second: Where do you go that extra value; or profits as they call it? Do you come into the pores of the national economy, for development? Or leaking to the outside to feed the industries (food, Productivity, Consumer, ....) produced in the developed centers of the world capitalist economy? I assume that the leakage is the closest to accuracy!! It is leakage, which is supported by the ruling classes in the parts left over, which is an extension of the colonial phenomenon (but also after the revolutionary movements, it was still value leaking as we shall see) Those classes including achieved with this drop in the surplus value, and before consolidation of weak mechanisms for production at a level three sectors productive parts of the pro-advanced, it becomes too careful these layers to keep the current situation without any change that allows no leakage of surplus value out of the pores of the home. Or strengthen the mechanisms of production of surplus value as possible from the accumulation of capitalist possible in turn to enter the fray with the parts developed by the predecessors, and I hope to be clear, as I discuss the problem of leakage of surplus value, as a result of the contradiction between the high volume of production and the weakening of the mechanisms of this production, nor discuss problems leak surplus.
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